Space is a foundational concept across mathematics, physics, spatial cognition, urban science, and embodied intelligence, yet these fields often treat spatial structure either as a shared geometric container or as a collection of disconnected representations.
This paper addresses this gap by defining space as an interventional invariant: the minimal relational structure that preserves local compatibility and the conditional laws of future observations under admissible actions.
We develop a cross-modal predictive geometry that integrates local state spaces, modality-specific observation maps, an action groupoid, and a canonical predictive-state quotient, with explicit causal conditions for identifying interventional rather than merely observational structure.
The key theoretical result shows that, under joint point separation, equivariance, and interventional faithfulness, the latent space is identifiable up to the centraliser of the intervention group, thereby reducing representational ambiguity to residual coordinate freedom.
The framework is further extended to stratified urban systems using sheaf-valued representations, allowing geometric, physical, mobility, social, and economic layers to coexist without being reduced to a single metric.
Synthetic experiments under noise evaluate equivariance, predictive sufficiency, holonomy, restriction-map recovery, cross-scale consistency, and context saturation.
The resulting framework provides a unified and falsifiable foundation for spatial cognition, urban science, embodied AI, and em-spaced intelligence.